Understanding Sensor Calibration Often lined with signal processing, sensor calibration is the process of configuring the output of a sensor to established standards or known values. The goal is to ensure accuracy, but also to establish meaning for the data output from the sensor. Whatever the sensor is measuring, from fuel flow to light levels, for the data to have meaning calibration establishes how the data reflects the process being monitored, so that the sensor output can then be accurately interpreted by users and applications. How is sensor calibration performed? Calibrating a sensor involves the methodical adjustment of the measurement process in a sensor to ensure accuracy and reliability. This uses a controlled environment, so that if a pressure sensor says it is reading a specific pressure, for instance, that is the actual pressure being exerted. Why does Sensor Calibration matter? Sensors are a way for us to monitor different factors that are otherwise challenging to measure. From oil flow in an engine to the pressure in a sealed tank, we rely on the readings from sensors to perform tasks or operate machinery safely. If the readings from those sensors are incorrect, it can lead to inefficient operations at best, and at worst, unsafe working that can lead to failures. To highlight this, we can look at the types of sensors used in the automotive industry and why it matters that they are calibrated: Accuracy — If readings are not accurate, the data is useless, or even dangerous. A sensor underreading fuel flow could lead to too much fuel in an engine, causing failure. Consistency — Sensor calibration delivers long-term consistency, and data you can rely on over time. Compliance — In areas such as emissions control, vehicles must comply with legal requirements, an accurate reading of emissions is crucial for legal operation of the vehicle. Safety — In some areas, such as collision detection, sensor accuracy and data dependability can be the difference between life and death. For modern vehicles, sensor calibration is crucial to safe and reliable operation. Sensor Calibration in Practice One of the most interesting applications of sensor technology today is the steering angle sensor, which measures the angle the steering is turned to in real time. This data is then used in a number of systems to maintain safe progress, including Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) like Electronic Stability Control (ESC), and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). If we look at how these sensors are used, and how they are calibrated, it provides clear insight into the value of sensor calibration in all kinds of industries. Integrated Vehicle Dynamics — With self-driving, electronic braking, stability systems and more, knowing the exact direction the front wheels are pointed is an essential part of operation, maintaining safe progress, delivering the required driving dynamics and more. Accurate Calibration — In all cases, calibration begins with a known zero point, usually where the wheels are dead center straight ahead, with calibration checking sensor output against real direction throughout its movement. This can be achieved manually, or by an automated system after installation. Benefits — By knowing the exact angle of the wheels, stability systems can accurately apply braking or throttle to maintain vehicle balance and avoid over or understeer. If incorrect data is used in this context, the outcome could be incorrect application of power or braking, leading to an accident. Affecting both vehicle safety and efficient operation, the steering angle sensor is a minor, yet crucial component in a modern vehicle. Without sensor calibration, the vehicle could not only deliver poorer performance, but actually be unsafe to operate. Conclusion As useful as sensors are, in many more areas than we notice, they can only provide the important data they do with sensor calibration. Without it, they generate data that cannot be relied on, or presents a false picture of the process being measured.
Cloud Login